* Edward IVs extraordinary revenue included taxation and benevolences. Benevolence is a compulsory gift of money demanded by the King. Everyone except the nobles and the clergy had to pay this. Another way that Edward gained money through extraordinary revenue was through parliamentary grants. This was a sum of money granted by parliament for emergencies, including war or defence.
He changed his mind because he believed that freeing the serfs was the only way to prevent them from revolting. Facts of Freeing the Serfs In 1861 Alexander created an emancipation, or freedom, law, which said that serfs could now marry, own property, and argue court cases. Each landowner had to determine the area of land owned by the serfs. Landowners also had to pay the serfs for the work they did. Each peasant family received their house and a certain amount of land.
Before the British acquired land the colonies were financed and established under jurisdiction of joint stock companies working under charters given by crowns. The colonies were established to meet demand for territorial expansion by the British in addition to pay off political and economic debts incurred in the struggle for colonization. Pennsylvania, North and South Carolina, New York and New Jersey are some of the examples of these colonies (Kennedy, 1998). Self-governing colonies are ruled by a governor who is elected by the universal suffrage with normal control of the colony. The governor and other leaders have the right to make decisions without involving the colonial administration.
Wolsey took a firm stand when improving the criminal justice system, examples were made of people from the higher classes of the population, even those given the titles of such as ‘Sir’ and ‘Earl’. Sir Robert Sheffield was an individual who dissatisfied Wolsey as a speaker of parliament in 1512 – Wolsey made an example of him by issuing a fine of £5333 and sending him to the tower. Another individual of distinguished background who was punished was the Earl of Northumberland, he was sent to the fleet prison and then there was also Sir William Bulmer who was prosecuted as an illegal retainer. An additional method Wolsey used to improve the criminal justice system was by accepting feedback from certain members of the public and assize judges, based on the information he gained, he could either summon the offender to the ‘star chamber’ or assign ‘oyer et terminer’ commissioners to the various cases. Though he took various steps to improve the criminal justice system, it cannot be said that this policy was successful, as there is no facts or figures to clarify how much was really achieved with these new methods.
Assess the claim that Thomas Cromwell had carried out a ‘revolution’ in Tudor government by 1540. Thomas Cromwell is a significant man while being a historical element of Henry VIII’s reign. There has been a lot of historical controversy surrounding Thomas Cromwell and the question of him actually creating a revolution in government. The term ‘revolution’ means a forcible overthrow of a government or social order, in favour of a new system. Cromwell’s early life consisted of him entering Wolsey’s service in 1516 when he became a counsellor.
There were many reasons why castles such as Rockingham were built, for example when William introduced the feudal system to England castles played a key role helping the system to run efficiently. The King allocated land to the Baron’s who then built castles on the land, this in turn allowed only 25000 Normans to control over 2 million Saxons with around 90 castles. William built the castles on sections of land which he then allocated to Normans who could then control the sections of land using the ‘fearsome’ castles. When William first arrived in England he needed to set up castles quickly that were relatively cheap to build; the castles built were Motte and Bailey Castles. Motte and Bailey Castles were made out of wood, this is what made them cheap and fast to construct.
Whereas Roger Bigod was an Earl so he was very powerful and led one of the richest groups in the country. During wartime they supplied John with an army and in return they expected a say in how the country is run. However, if the King angers them the barons may refuse to obey him. This was a big problem for John! Barons have their own castles and armies so they are protected when the King decides to attack them.
3- I've always heard about the Sugar Act, but i am now familiar more than ever about it. I learned that the purpose of the sugar act (1764), which was passed by Great Britain, was just and necessary for covering the expenses of defending, protecting, and securing the colonies. Protesting started because some didn’t think that “it was just not right to just lay taxes on the people without their consent”(no taxation w/o representation.) George Grenville assumed his position as Prime Minister. His
Primary Source Analysis 1763-1783 In the primary source below, the journal talks about a law being put into place into the colonies by the crown in London. This law was called the stamp act, which was a very big deal during the colonial times of the Americans. Before talking about any detail of the act itself, the journal talks about how each British person who travelled from England has a duty and a responsibility to the crown. I think that this create the feeling that each person must be loyal to the origin, in this case most of them came from England, so they’re expected to pay their dues and respects back to their government that they started out with. The peculiar thing is that the majority of people who generally travelled to the new
The system that was created in the United States was evolved from a system called feudalism that was created in England during the Middle Ages (insert textbook citation (Martin, 2007). Feudalism was a form a legalized slavery but was thought of as a way to manage the poor. The way feudalism worked was that the rich landowners would supply housing and food for the poor people who farmed the land. This system was harsh and the landowners had complete control over the workers, they could sell them at any point. The next form of human service was provided by faith-based charities and churches.