A. What is DNA? Answer these questions as you work through this section. What does the abbreviation DNA represent? _________________________________ _________ Where is the DNA located in a cell?
Enzymes called topoisomerases produce breaks in the DNA molecules and then reconnect the strands, relieving strain and effectively preventing tangling and knotting during replication. DNA polymerase adds new nucleotides to a growing strand of DNA. Because DNA polymerase must adhere to an existing template, an RNA primer is first created at the site of replication. The RNA primer is synthesized by primase, an enzyme that is able to start a new strand of RNA opposite a DNA strand. After a few nucleotides have been added, the primase is displaced by DNA polymerase, which can then add subunits to the 3’ end of the short RNA primer.
This is the restriction enzyme and acts as “molecular scissors” cuts the two DNA chains at a specific area in the genome so that sections of DNA can be supplemented or detached. A piece of RNA known as guide RNA is the second key molecule. This consists of pre-designed RNA quite small in length sequence, consisting of about 20 bases, positioned within a longer RNA scaffold. The scaffold binds to DNA and the pre-designed sequence ‘guides’ Cas9 to the right part of the genome. ensuring that the Cas9 enzyme intersects at the right point in the genome.
Southern Blotting Laboratory Paper Abstract Southern Blotting1 allows the detection of specific molecules among the mixture separated by gel electrophoresis. Molecules are transferred from the gel to a porous membrane (nitrocellulose/nytran) by capillary action using absorbent paper to soak solution through the gel and the membrane. For DNA, specific sequences are detected in the membrane by molecular hybridization with labeled nucleic acid probes. In this laboratory, Southern blotting was used to confirm that the clones (White 1 and White 2 colony) generated in the previous experiment were from the phage λ DNA. The precise fragment of the phage λ DNA that has been inserted into the plasmid pUC18 vector is determined to be the 5.8 kb fragment.
******************************************************************************************** Answer Sheet—Module 7 Lab DNA Extraction Click on the following link and view the DNA extraction: http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/labs/extraction/ 1. What is the source of the cells used in this demonstration? A human. 2. Give three practical uses of DNA that is extracted: a.
Running head: DNA AND THE DOUBLE HELIX DESIGN DNA And The Double Helix Design J. Schultz University of Phoenix DNA And The Double Helix Design DNA, the commonly used acronym for deoxyribonucleic acid, is the carrier of the genetic code for most living organisms. DNA contains the genetic codes that determine eye color, hair color, and sometimes diseases. Each trait that passes from parent to offspring is the result of information carried by DNA. Possible Reasons For The Double Helix Shape DNA has a double helix shape that is functional and useful in several ways. According to The National Center For Biotechnology Information (2004): The chemical nature of the bases in double-stranded DNA creates a slight twisting force that gives DNA its characteristic gently coiled structure, known as the double helix.
Nucleotides Nucleotides have three parts to them: • a phosphate group, which is negatively charged. • a pentose sugar, which has 5 carbon atoms in it. In RNA the sugar is ribose. In DNA the sugar is deoxyribose. • a nitrogenous base.
DNA Replication Carol Rowe WGU Biochemistry GRT1 Margie Hayes May 26, 2014 DNA DNA is made up of a sugar, a phosphate, with either a purine or a pyrimidine base, also called nucleotide subunits. Adenine and guanine are purines. Thymine and cytosine are pyrimidines. As you will see in the diagram, adenine bonds only with thymine and guanine bonds only with cytosine, they are connected by hydrogen bonding. Replication Fork In the DNA double helix Topolisomerase relieves the tension.
Basically, DNA controls protein synthesis. The complex and precise process of protein synthesis begins within a gene, which is a distinct portion of a cell's DNA. DNA is a nucleic acid which is made up of repeating monomers, called nucleotides, and in the case of DNA, these individual monomers consist of a pentose sugar, a phosphoric acid and four bases known as adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine. DNA is a double stranded polymer, which has a twisted ladder like
-After the gene is amplified a suitable vector is selected for use. A vector is a self-replicating DNA molecule used to transmit a gene from one organism to another. All vectors must contain the following characteristics: 1. Able to replicate host organism. 2.