Title : Reaction of Carboxylic Acids Objective : To Determine The Reaction of Carboxylic Acids Procedure : As referred to Lab manual. Results: A. Salt Formation |Compound |Solvent |Solubility | |Benzoic Acid |Cold Water |Partially soluble | |Benzoic Acid |10 % NaOH |Soluble | B. Salt Hydrolysis Sodium acetate solution changed the color of litmus from red to blue. C. Reaction With Sodium Carbonate Observation : A lot of gas bubbles was released.
Radical Chlorination of 1-Chlorobutane. The radical chlorination of 1-chlorobutane was carried out using sulfuryl chloride and azoisobutyronitrile (AIBN). From the reaction there were for possible products which are as follows 1,1-dichlorobutane, 1,2- dichlorobutane, 1,3-dichlorobutane, and 1,4-dichlorobutane. The structures produced from the reaction are as follows; Attached to the four carbons in 1-chlorobutane are hydrogens that can react readily with chlorine, because of its electron withdrawing character. Chemical environment surrounding the carbons are different and therefore affecting the character of the hydrogens attached.
When the solution is acidified during diazotization to form nitrous acid, the sulfanilic acid is precipitated out of solution as a finely divided solid, which is immediately diazotized. The finely divided diazonium salt is allowed to react immediately with dimethlaniline in the solution in which it was precipitated. Mechanism Diazotization: [pic] Diazo Coupling: Methyl orange is often used as an acid-base indicator. In solutions that are more basic than pH 4.4, methyl orange exists almost entirely as the yellow negative ion. In solutions that are more acidic than pH 3.2, it is protonated to form a red dipolar ion.
Benzophenone Harmful & Irritant Wash spillages away with water Hydrochloric acid Corrosive & Irritant wash spillages away with water. Introduction In this experiment, we will see the reduction of the aromatic ketone benzophenone with sodium borohydride to diphenylmethanol. The reducing agent is used in excess to ensure complete reduction of carbonyl group, and the reaction is carried out in aqueous ethanolic solution. The product is easily isolated, purified by crystalisation. By using TLC and IR spectrum, we will see the difference between benzophenone (starting material) and diphenylmethanol (final product).
This is called the shaking and venting procedure. This procedure allows the benzoic acid (benzoic is the solute) to establish an equilibrium between the two layers the organic layer and the aqueous layer. Benzoic acid, although it has dissolve in water, is not very soluble in water (it will only dissolve in water at elevated temperature). However, benzoic acid is more soluble in methylene chloride. That is why once you add the benzoic acid aqueous solution and the CH2Cl2 in the separatory funnel the benzoic acid moves from the aqueous layer into the methylene chloride organic layer.
Firstly, a carbonyl group is highly polarised, which means the positively charged carbon atom is exposed to nucleophilic attack. Grignard reagents act as nucleophiles. Secondly, the polarised carbonyl group allows any alpha-protons to be easily removed by strong bases (4). In this experiment, the Grignard reagent 1-methylbutyl magnesium bromide was prepared by reacting an excess of magnesium turnings with 2-bromopentane in diethyl ether. It was then reacted with propanal to give the secondary alcohol, 4-methyl-3-heptanol.
When aqueous zinc nitrate is reacted with a limited amount of potassium hydroxide, insoluble zinc hydroxide forms. 2 [pic] + [pic] [pic] Zn[pic] [Eq. 1] Zinc hydroxide behaves as a base when it reacts with acids to form salts and water. In a solution containing excess [pic] ions, Zn[pic] acts like an acid and dissolves forming the complex ion[pic]. 2 [pic] + Zn[pic] [Zn[pic]][pic] [Eq.
It dehydrates sucrose (table sugar), C12H22O11, leaving a spongy black mass of carbon and diluted sulfuric acid. Concentrated sulfuric acid reacts similarly with skin, paper, and other animal and plant matter. When it is mixed with water, a highly exothermic reaction occurs, and the energy released can be enough to heat the mixture to boiling. Therefore, concentrated sulfuric acid has to be diluted by adding the acid slowly to cold water while the mixture is stirred to dissipate the heat. The first successful method for making sulfuric
Liquid resins are converted into insoluble and infusible solids through oxirane reactions. The oxirane structure is referred as epoxy functionality. The resin used in the experiment has a functionality of two. Resins are usually prepared with the reactions of bisphenols –and generally commercially bisphenol A- with epichlorohydrin or glycidyl chloride. Epoxy resins are generally cured with primary/secondary polyamines, anhydrides, and polyamides.
The reduction of permanganate requires strong acidic conditions. Introduction: In this experiment a purple colored solution of potassium permanganate, with an approximate concentration of 0.025M, will be added to a solution containing Fe2+ ions. The manganese is reduced from a 7+ oxidation state in the permanganate ion to form colorless Mn2+ ions. The equivalence point is indicated at the point when all of the Fe2+ ions in the solution are oxidized and the colorless mixture retains a purple tint. Procedure: Fill a buret and tip with KMnO4.