Shakespeare and Goethe: Two Separate Hamlets

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All popular references, literary criticisms and academic reviews of Shakespeare’s Hamlet of the past two hundred years have been little more than mere repetitions of the Hamlet depicted by Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe on Wilhelm Meister’s Apprenticeship, first published in 1796. Throughout its nineteen chapters the novel contains numerous references to Hamlet, consisting mainly of conversations. Still, of all the theories on Hamlet referred to above, not one is based exclusively on the Meister’s own context and circumstances, and independently from Shakespeare’s version of the character. These references should not be seen as an independent analysis of Hamlet. They are linked to the Meister’s plot and events in such a way that it becomes impossible to study them separately without distorting Goethe’s view of the character in one way or another. As a matter of fact, they could even be studied independently from Goethe himself. In the novel, Wilhelm Meister and several other characters decide to play Hamlet (the play), with Meister himself playing Hamlet (the character). He and the rest of the actors feel deeply identified with their respective characters. By this identification, they end up forming some sort of group of absent people who get involved in the events of the “real world” of the novel itself. In this sense Goethe uses in his novel the exact same method Shakespeare used in the play: he creates a “play inside a play” to make the plot deeper and more complex. In Book III, chapter VIII, Wilhelm Meister gets to know Shakespeare’s plays thanks to the character Jarno, and in chapter XI he says: “Wilhelm had scarcely read one or two of Shakespeare’s plays, till their effect on him became so strong that he could go no farther. His whole soul was in commotion” Shortly after Meister meets Jarno again and tells him that no other book or man has ever

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