How to predict an volcanic eruption Ground Deformation Ground deformation is the change in shape that happens before during or after a volcanic eruption. This happens because the sides of the volcano change shape because the magma in many ways to measure the change of shape of the volcano, like leveling, triangulation and more recently using continuous Global Positioning System (CGPS). It is also possible to use lakes as large tilt meters. Tilt meters measure the tiny degrees of tilt or slope on land. This is one of the oldest methods of knowing when ground deformation was caused because of rising lava.
A hazard is a natural event that has the potential to effect both life and property. When looking at earthquakes there is one primary hazard which occurs and this is the shaking of the ground. In addition there are many secondary hazards such as landslides, fires, avalanches, liquefaction and tsunamis. There are many human factors to be discussed such as preparedness, development level, land use and education and many other contradicting factors such as the tectonic setting and the time of year. To show the view that the impact of earthquake hazards depends primarily on human factors, I will situate the essay around some seismic events that have previously occurred; Haiti in the Caribbean, 2010, Christchurch in New Zealand, 2011, Sichuan in China, 2008 and Indian Ocean, 2004.
Volcanoes and earthquakes In the world, there are many natural disasters which occur without the human's contribution. Volcanoes and earthquakes are some disasters that have a huge impact on many things. These two types of natural events can compare or contrast to each other. These natural disasters have differences more than similarities. Volcanoes and earthquakes are different in three things: the geology, the process, and the effect.
Resolution COMMITTEE: World Health Organization (WHO) QUESTIONS OF: Radioactive Waste SUBMITTED BY: THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY, Acknowledging the fact and danger radioactive might cause to our environment and public health. The question of the safe final deposition of all radioactive waste generated worldwide is still problematic, Bearing in mind High level radioactive waste can be hazardous and deadly, others could cause biological effects in human such as cancer, Deeply concerned that the Chernobyl nuclear disaster would reoccur, Recognizing that the United Nations has a vital responsibility for major nuclear and radiation emergencies, 1. Aware of the problem of radioactive waste and safety of the population as Radiation exposure can cause cancer, birth defects and other abnormalities, Understanding that the Chernobyl disaster cause fewer than 50 direct deaths, 4,000 additional cancer and 600,000 highly exposed people, 2. Requests funds to improve nuclear power facilities a. constructing new nuclear power station; b. refurbishing power stations that are old and not as safe; c. protections 3. Urges safe disposal of radioactive waste by constructing secure containers to guarantee that high radioactive waste won’t leak back into the environment, contaminating water supplies and the food chain.
The Modified Mercalli scale allows scientists to measure the damage of structures from the earthquakes. The Richter scale allows scientists to measure the amount of energy the was release by earthquakes. Lastly, the Seismograph allows scientists to record the earthquake’s waves. I do think that these scales are reliable but I also think they can be totally unreliable. They could pick up something that is wrong or false and then we would not be able to reevaluate the earthquake.
Everyday day across the world, plate tectonics and their respective movements cause various seismic and volcanic hazards and a common idea is that the poorest people suffer the greatest from the impacts of these hazards in their LDCs. This, however, is only true in some cases as there are several other factors that affect how severely people are impacted by the hazards in both human and physical ways. I personally disagree with this view and this is due to several topics I have studied considering both human and physical factors. The first point I will make is based simply on the fact that volcanoes and earthquakes can have different hazards within them both primary and secondary which can have the same impacts no matter whether you are rich or poor, a tectonic hazard does not specifically target poorer people, it affects the area surrounding the cause. With a volcano you can have different types of hazard depending on the location is respect to constructive and destructive margins and also including hot spots, at a constructive margin or hot spot you find shield volcanoes with basaltic lava and these eruptions are common enough that you can stay away from the danger zone at which point you are in little or no danger, Mauna Loa in Hawaii is a good example of this as nobody lives close enough to the vent to be in danger.
Seismic Base Isolation Technique for Earthquake-Resistant Buildings At the Earth's surface, seismic waves cause the ground to shake and vibrate, sometimes violently. This can create enormous stresses for a building's structural elements. If those stresses are large enough, the building can collapse or get heavily damaged. “Every year, earthquakes take the lives of thousands of people, and destroy property worth billions.” (How Stuff Works Science) Many people have asked, is it possible to keep buildings upright during catastrophic earthquakes? Since earthquakes are unpreventable and unpredictable, the only option for us is to design and build buildings that are earthquake resistant.
Mud volcanoes, sometimes called ‘sedimentary’ or ‘gas-oil’ volcanoes, are an interesting natural phenomena that occur around the world generally along points of weakness in the Earth’s crust such as fault lines. They act as pressure valves to release gases, mineral water and sometimes traces of oil along with mud also known as breccia from as deep as 10-12 km below the earth’s surface. The size of mud volcanoes very dramatically from 1 to 2 metres to up to 700 metres high; and from centimetres to kilometers wide. Correlations have been found between earthquakes and mud volcano activity particularly if there is a major earthquake. This would explain why the island (thought to be due to a mud volcano) appeared off the coast of Pakistan this fall at about the same time as the large earthquake.
The reason for the movement is convection currents originating in the core caused by radioactive decay. Knowing the theory of plate tectonics is a useful tool in understanding the distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes as they correlate very closely. If we map out the location of major earth quakes, location of active volcanoes and a map of general plat tectonic, the 3 would overlap. This gives us a general idea of locations and correlations. Each boundary between 2 plates have the capability of being a different type of boundary.
Crisis Management may be defined as the process of preparing for and responding to an unpredictable negative event to prevent it from turning into an even bigger problem, or becoming a full-blown, widespread, life-threatening disaster. It involves the execution of well-coordinated actions to control the damage and preserve or restore confidence in the system under crisis. Risk management, on the other hand, is a process for identifying, assessing, and prioritizing risks of different kinds. Once the risks are identified, the risk manager will create a plan to minimize or eliminate the impact of negative events. Common risks include things like accidents in the workplace or fires, tornadoes, earthquakes, and other natural disasters.