The development of penicillin has served as the general model for most drug development and discovery during this specific time period. Research that resulted in sildenafil was originally conducted in order to find a lead compound with anti-hypertensive properties and over time a turning point had occurred, perhaps not the final one, where a completely new indication has been developed. In the early 20th century, a pandemic of diseases arose as a result of bacterial infections which killed many individuals due to the lack of available antibiotics. It was this series of incurable diseases that spurred research into drugs that could treat conditions caused by bacterial infection. In 1928, a Scottish biologist named Alexander Fleming made a serendipitous discovery of the antibiotic penicillin.
In the year of 1918 the spread of the flu started by Germans who slipped into Boston Harbor on U-boats and then sneaked ashore, carrying vials of plague germs with them. Once the sickness began to spread, people of all ages were being affected. The disease had killed more people in a few months time than any other illness. Doctors looked into the lungs of the sick people and saw they were filled with fluid, and a “bloody froth” exuded from them. The sickness usually starts off with a dull headache, and your eyes start to burn.
TEAM A Ataa Nyamekye Michael Weinreich Case: The Dana-Farber Cancer Institute The key decision maker in this case is Dr. Stephen Sallan, Senior Oncologist and Physician-in-Chief of the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. Key Facts: The Dana-Farber Cancer Institute is among one of the best cancer centers for both oncological research and clinical care in the United States. Founded in 1947, the institute was originally focused on treated cancers in children. By placing top laboratory researchers in the same physical building as expert clinical physicians, the hope was that “the problems of the patients would be brought up to the labs and ideas from the labs would go down to the patients.” The Dana-Farber Cancer Institute was placed within close proximity to other well-known hospitals and research centers such as the Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Beth Israel-Deaconess Medical Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School. As such, patients who walked into the Cancer Institute knew by the very reputation and geographical ties to other research institutions, that they would be subject of various research protocols and the newest and cutting edge treatment protocols.
Explain The Reasons For The Evolution Of Antibiotic Resistance Among Pathogens And Discuss Solutions. Antibiotics were first discovered in 1928 by Alexander Fleming. Fleming was a professor of bacteriology at St Mary’s Hospital, London and carried out research into possible antibacterial agents. He worked predominately with Staphylococcus aureus and discovered, almost by chance, that some microbes produce antibiotics when he noticed that a small area of a discarded culture plate was free from the mould that covered the rest of the plate. He named the resulting substance Penicillin, and 5 years later it became the first usable antibiotic.
degree in 1869 from the University of Virginia and spending several years working in the field of public health in New York City, Reed joined the Army Medical Department (1875). In 1898, he headed a board that identified typhoid fever as the cause of much sickness and death at the camps where troops gathered to train for the Spanish‐American War. By establishing human waste as the source of contamination, the board made possible effective public health measures to prevent future epidemics. When, in 1900, another board headed by Reed proved that yellow fever, much dreaded by soldiers sent to Cuba, was carried by a mosquito and identified the specific mosquito, successful efforts to reduce this threat to public health also became possible. Reed's accomplishments resulted not only from his personal skills as a research scientist but from the disciplined world in which he worked: medical officers were often better able than their civilian counterparts to conduct the studies necessary to identify both major diseases that threatened public health and the means by which they spread in civilian and military communities alike.
When Doctors are Their Own Best Guinea Pigs This article is about how two scientists who won Nobel Prizes in Medicine suspected that Bacteria that were in Biopsies cause stomach inflammation and ulcers. Dr.Barry J. Marshal, one of the scientists experiments on himself to prove his theory. Just like how Dr. Jekyll wanted to prove his theory of moving your emotions into another man, he experiments on himself also. Dr. Marshall drank a potion cocktail of pure Helicobacter pylori bacteria, just like Dr.Jekyll drank his potion every time to turn into Mr.
How HIPPA Violations Affect the Medical Billing Process Kristie Casey-Close HCR/220 September 8, 2010 Pamela Kerby Since the discovery of the viruses that cause Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Acquired immune deficiency syndrome or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the early 1980s by the following doctors Dr. Luc Montagnier of the Pasteur Institute in Paris and Dr. Anthony Gallo at the National Cancer Institute in Washington (Rainey, 2006). There has been much controversy over who discovered HIV/AIDS regardless of whom it was we should just be thankful that it was discovered and is being studied so that one day we can find a cure. It is thought that more than one million people are living with HIV in the United States, worldwide at the end of 2007 there was an estimated 33.0 million people living with HIV (Avert, 2009). Since the HIV/AIDS was discovered and brought to be an epidemic there has been over half a million people that have died from complications associated with AIDS- the equivalent of Las Vegas (Avert, 2009).There are approximately 56,000 new HIV infections a year in the United States. HIPPA has found a way to ensure the confidentially of the all people with medical conditions especially those that are suffering with the ever contagious HIV/AIDS (Avert, 2009).
In the begging, lobotomies were done by drilling holes on either sides of the skull and then inject the fibers, which would destroy them. Years later, Doctor Walter Freeman came up with a process known by the name of Ice Pick Method or Ice Pick Lobotomy. This method consisted of penetrating the skull through the eye socket using an icepick. The first lobotomy ever performed was in the late 1890’s. In 1935, António Egas Moniz, a Portuguese neurologist, preformed a lobotomy for the first time for which he received the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1949.
He also proved that these spores could then develop into the anthrax germ and could infect other animals. The difference between the two brilliant scientists being that only Koch proved his theories right every time. Pasteur's research also showed that the growth of micro-organisms was responsible for spoiling beverages, such as beer, wine and milk. With this established, he invented a process in which liquids such as milk were heated to kill most bacteria and moulds already present within them. This process was soon afterwards known as pasteurization.
Not only does radiation cause internal effects to people, it can cause Black rain, which is radioactive deposit that falls from the sky and can burn the skin (Damages). In 1945, as the first atomic bomb was dropped, and the world witnessed the then, major effects of the bomb. John Hersey wrote in “Hiroshima”, some of the effects the bomb had on six survivors. The effects that the bomb made on those six people are terrible, including hair loss, fatigue, vomiting, re-opening of sores, and slow