In the next chapter we learn how sellers set the prices in which we pay for an item, why things cost what they do and not what they are worth. The key to prices are sellers that can sell their products as close to the cost of making the item. In a regular market, prices are the key. Businesses cannot afford to charge a higher price, customers are normally looking for a lower price and the lower the better, in today’s economy. Many customers ask the question, “What affects prices?” We learn that things happen beyond the sellers’ and buyers’ control to raise and lower prices in today’s market.
It is also possible that managers do not adopt maximising behaviour at all, perhaps “satisficing” in response to shareholder discipline or that the policy of the firm is the result of complex interactions between various stakeholders. An For a firm to profit maximise, it would be the case that it sets output where marginal cost is equal to marginal revenue. If an additional unit of output were to be produced beyond this, it would add more to the firm’s costs of production than its revenue, thus reducing profit. The diagram below shows profit maximising output and the corresponding price, read from the demand curve. It also shows some other possible objectives for the firm.
| 2(3)Some product knowledge will exist from current sales members, but some training will be needed for new sales people. | | Financing/ROI knowledge of sales team(2) | 3(2)Unfamiliar with pricing and financing low-cost products, and would require motivation to get commission off lower-priced sales made. | 1(2)Has the most experience with financing all sorts of price-leveled products. | 2(2)There will be a lack of knowledge from the existing team, but can piggy-back off of the knowledge from the ISR’s.
When you do this you put your funds and calculations in the hands of someone who job is to make as much money as they can from a project. You would not know of what is applies to a bill is correctly calculated for that service. I just don’t think it is good practice when you can easily go out and get cost estimates from different companies and then have a vendor bid for a service based off your price estimate. On the other hand is you do have vendors computing support, if you have a good one that you give a lot of business to, there is always the opportunity for discounts based on past and future service, and you can probably make out well when you have someone who is sound and trustworthy looking out for both you and the vendors benefits.
This occurs with first degree price discrimination as consumers must pay the maximum that they were willing/able to pay, which may lower their real income. Moreover, the consumer surplus that they would have obtained at a lower price is transferred to the producers meaning that the producers gain at the expense of the consumer, which is definitely undesirable. On the other hand, although the consumer may be disadvantaged, the producer is likely to benefit from the price discrimination in this way, especially if the firm is a dominant or monopoly firm, as it has the ability to set prices higher than they would be in a perfect competition model. Higher prices means that the firm’s revenue will increase, and it is likely that their profit will too, as monopolies are able to extract consumer surplus and transfer it into supernormal profits. Consequently, these profits can be reinvested into the
A firm utilizing a cost leadership strategy seeks to be the low-cost producer relative to its competitors. A differentiation strategy requires that the firm possess a "non-price" attribute that distinguishes the firm as superior to its peers. Firms following a focus approach direct their attention to narrow product lines, buyer segments, or geographic markets. "Focused" firms will use cost or differentiation to gain advantage, but only within a narrow target market. COST ADVANTAGE
Question 1 Currently, 9.30% is used as their hurdle rate and satisfied with the intellectual relevance of a hurdle rate as an expression of the opportunity cost of money by the managers. As a result the firm’s share prices are sluggish. Their price-to-earnings ratio is also below investor’s expectation in comparison to the company’s risk. The relationship between risk and return is important to take into consideration. The constant hurdle rate results in a flat line and doesn’t correlate risk with return.
Because now a day’s people make decisions on how much it cost and not the incentives it would have in their life. Cost is very important now because of the economy and it’s not just pleasure any more. People facing tradeoffs are more common in today’s decision making principles because of their goals. People make their decisions depending on their goals and also the costs. An example of this is like buying name brand verses buying genetic brands at the super market.
Externalities cause deadweight loss which can lead to market failure. Businesses can make more money if they can internalize the externalities. Externalities can be internalized if the transaction cost of the business is low. “Transaction costs are the costs of identifying and bringing buyers and sellers together, bargaining and drawing up a contract”2and it is relatively high for department stores like Galeria Kaufhof in comparison to stores like H&M. Similarly, the transaction cost for stores such as H&M is more than that of the jewelry shops but less than the department stores.
A country can be a capital (or labor)-abundant nations and labor (or capital)-scarce nations which consider their comparative advantage in technologies, input productivity, and wages of labor. Free trade can bring a lot of advantage to us; however, it does not apply in real world. Tariff and non-tariff are the tools that use to trade protection or prevent the economy from undergoing adjustment during economic stagnation. Although tariff and other restriction can concede the economic losses and using resource with less efficiency, but protectionism argue that non-economic benefit such as a national security can more than offset those economic losses. Normally trade protection is use to secure domestic industry and labor union’s economy welfare.