Physical abuse is the act of violence on an individual that causes pain. A number of different signs can indicate that a service user is being physically abused. The main signs are physical marks or injuries such as bruises, burns and fractures. In addition to this the service users behaviour can change such as becoming more shy, hesitant quiet and withdrawn. Depression is a common consequence of being physically abused as the service user is normally too scared or vulnerable to speak up and ask for help.
One can find more information about this stage of development of the American society from primary sources. Nannie Alderson (1942) describes the life of American women in the small towns of the West in her book A Bride Goes West. Some of the experts from the book point out to significant changes in the American people’s minds regarding the role that women played in society. In her book, Alderson also describes the reverse side of free relations and feminization. She writes, “Two-thirds of the women [engaged in prostitution] died young from sexually transmitted diseases, botched abortions, alcohol abuse, narcotics abuse, suicide, or murders.” The same shift in public mind regarding the family values is described in Galen’s Epitaph on a Tombstone.
As a member of the American Female Moral Reform Society, Sarah Ingraham was dedicated to eliminate all prostitution in the United States. However, she did not only criticize women for being prostitutes, but felt men were equally at fault. She was the editor of The Advocate of Moral Reform, the first American newsletter which was run entirely by women. The paper often printed stories about girls who were seduced by men who later left them. The paper referred to prostitutes as sisters and Men were usually depicted as the wrongdoers.
This has devastating effects because it leaves women in a constant state of self-surveillance, and causes a splitting of self between the subjective self and the self as an object (Crawford, 2011). Since depression rates are rapidly increasing and leading to dangerous outcomes like suicide or eating disorders, research and assistance are needed to address the psychological distress caused by our culture that leads to such high depression rates in women. The purpose of this paper is to review evidence that supports the hypothesis that self-objectification plays a major role in the increasing rates of depression for women. Since depression is linked to self-objectification, it is important to explore the scope of depression in Western societies, how and when it arises, how it differs between females and males, and its relationship to body dissatisfaction. In adults, the female-to-male ratio of depression is 2:1 (Evans, 2011).
However, some women joined the work force and would do jobs that men previously had held. Some were not forced to, but they had to work as hard as they could to support their families during this difficult time. In contrast, the writer Norman Cousins commented that there was a negative opinion on the women’s presence in the workforce despite women willing to acquire a living wage. He also stated in his book that the federal government proscribed holding government jobs by both members of a married couple, and many localities stopped hiring women whose husbands with a minimum wage (Cousins 1939). Another aspect of the Depression affecting life of women was the moral argument against working-women.
violence against women (VAW) as "any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or mental harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life." the main type of VAW is Intimate partner violence & Sexual violence. Risk factors lower levels of education. exposure to child maltreatment. witnessing family violence.
Raya and her friend escape from there traffickers, and are being taken care of bye the U.N Convention. Kathryn sends them to a shelter set up for girls who has been trafficked or victims of sexual slavery. Through Raya’s case Kathryn discovers some scandals about sexual slavery and human trafficking which the U.N are covering up. The U.N has covered it up to protect some security contracts. Now Kathryn are trying to take the cases to a higher level in the U.N Convention, where she finds out that the scandals and the corruption are much bigger than she could imagine.
Injuries (bruises, lacerations, cuts, burns, bite marks, fractures, etc. ), drug/alcohol misuse, depression, isolation, self-harming, suicidal, nightmares/flashbacks, low self-esteem, low confidence, fear, panic attacks, and mistrust. Domestic Domestic abuse is the abuse of an individual within an intimate or family relationship. It is the repeated, random and habitual use of intimidation to control a person. This abuse can be physical, emotional, psychological, financial or sexual.This can include hitting, kicking, biting, shoving, restraining, slapping, throwing objects, threats, controlling or domineering behaviour, intimidation and stalking.
Another example of how strain applies to these women can be seen in Agnew’s writings when he said “Data suggest that child abuse and neglect negative school experiences, chronic unemployment, and residence in deprived communities are important causes sate anger and that such anger explains much of the effective of strains on crime.” (Agnew, Chp. 9) The presentation of negative stimuli or in the case of the African American battered women this was the abuse they received, regularly, which will cause large amounts of strain. The way most of these women dealt with the abuse was through drug and alcohol
In the drive to squeeze the last ounce of profit from the new factories, mill owners quickly found that they could hire unskilled workers to run the machines on the cheap, and could hire women even more cheaply. The work was long, and often dangerous. Women were expected to work fourteen to sixteen hour days with a break for lunch, six days a week. The mills were choked with flammable cotton dust and their chimneys spewed high-sulfur coal smoke into the air of the mill towns. Women, in addition, were used in other dangerous and degrading kinds of work, most notoriously mining, where they could squeeze into small coal seams to dig.