Anaerobic respiration is a process which happens inside the cells in when carbohydrates, such as those listed above, are broken down. When glucose is broken down into energy and is released so it can be used by the cells. Anaerobic respiration is when glucose is broken and the products generated from this are energy and either lactic acid or ethanol (alcohol) and CO2 (Anaerobic Respiration, 2011). How does this connect? Taste buds can recognize four basic kinds of tastes sweet, salty, sour, and bitter.
When potassium nitrate is placed in water the slightly positive hydrogen’s in the water molecule are attracted to the nitrate ions and the potassium ions are attracted to the slightly negative oxygen. Figure 1 shows how sodium chloride would bond when placed in water. Figure 1 Sodium chloride dissolved in water (Adams, R. et al, 2011) The solubility of a solute in a solvent is affected largely by the temperature. A solubility curve (as seen in Figure 2)
The excess of the chemical will later precipitate until the amount of chemical that is in solution is in equilibrium with the solid form of the same chemical that is also in contact with the solution. 10. Intermolecular forces are non-covalent, electrostatic interactions that cause separate but neighboring molecules to attract or repel each other. The closer a solute and solvent are in terms of their types of intermolecular forces, and the extent to which the solute and solvent can interact through these forces, the greater the solubility will be for the solute in the solvent. 11.
Sucrose will be also used in the labs. Sucrose is a normal table sugar and is also a disaccharide composed of fructose and glucose. Although lactose is similar to sucrose, the enzyme lactase will only break down only it’s substrate, lactose, because of the shape of the sugar. Objectives/ Introduction Enzymes are protein molecules that speed up a chemical reaction. Enzymes are specific; they only work with certain substrates.
TASK 2 UNIT 21 Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are a source of energy. When eaten, the body converts most carbohydrates into glucose (sugar), which is used to fuel cells such as those of the brain and muscles. Carbohydrates are one of three macronutrients (nutrients that form a large part of our diet) found in food – the others being fat and protein. Hardly any foods contain only one nutrient and most are a combination of carbohydrates, fats and proteins in varying amounts. There are three different types of carbohydrate: sugar, starch and fibre.
As the reaction progresses, less starch is present and more sugars are being made, therefore the bread begins to taste sweet. The enzyme used in this lab exercise is amylase, which is commonly found in saliva and germinating seeds. It catalyzes the breakdown of starch. When amylase reacts with starch, it cuts off the disaccharide maltose (two glucose molecules linked together). As the reaction progresses, less starch will be present and more sugar (maltose) will be present Saliva contains the enzyme salivary amylase.
Science Fair Project Control Measure the viscosity of plain water using the method listed above. 10. Science Fair Project Experimental Groups The amount of sugar in the water would vary from 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 grams of sugar. Research Viscosity can be defined as the measurement of a liquid's resistance to flow. Consider water and molasses.
This is a neutralization reaction between a strong acid and strong base. Therefore the heat of reaction (∆H2) is called as the heat of neutralization of HCl and NaOH solutions. The ∆H2 calculated from this experiment is -6.6944KJ/mol. This is because the enthalpy changes when one mole of H+ ions from an acid (HCl) reacts with one mole of OH- from an alkali (NaOH) to form one mole of water molecules under the stated conditions of the experiment. In the final reaction of the experiment (Part C), solid NaOH will react with an aqueous solution of HCl.
When cells are placed in a hypertonic solution, water moves into the solution instead of the cell. 3. A hypotonic solution has a lower solute which means higher amounts of water and concentration than the cell. When cells are placed in a hypotonic solution, water moves into the cell and leaves the solution. The pH level of a solution tells whether the solution has hydrogen ion concentration [H±].
Sodium Hydroxide + Hydrochloric Acid Sodium Chloride + Water NaOH(aq) + HClaq → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) Variables Independent The independent variable of the experiment was the amount of sodium hydroxide that we added to the acid. To keep the variable controlled we would measure 1 ml of the sodium hydroxide and pouring that to the hydrochloric acid. Dependent The dependent variables of the experiment were the temperature and the pH number of the mixture. To control the pH and temperature use the electronic probe and data logger. Controlled The controlled variables of the experiment were: A.