Mean Temperatures Are Rising in Many Parts of the World. the Rising Temperatures May Result in Physiological and Ecological Effects on Living Organisms. Describe and Explain These Effects

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(b) Mean temperatures are rising in many parts of the world. The rising temperatures may result in physiological and ecological effects on living organisms. Describe and explain these effects. Topic areas for assessment of scientific content: (1) principle of destabilising effect of rising temperature on metabolic systems within organisms and on balance in ecosystems. (P) (2) effect on rate of diffusion/gaseous exchange; possible consequences, e.g. increased evaporation, more rapid uptake of ions by plants. (D) (3) effect on proteins; possible increased rate of denaturation of tertiary structure. Increased rate of enzyme activity; possible increased dislocation of metabolic pathways. (E) (4) effect on photosynthesis (light independent reaction); increased rate with small increases, disruption with larger; increased rate of growth of (some) plants; possible increased rate of crop growth; effect of other limiting factors. (PS) (5) effect on transpiration; increased rate of water loss and hence wilting/dehydration; reduced stomatal opening may affect photosynthesis; possible consequences of drought on ecosystems. (T) (6) effect on respiration and metabolism; increased effect on growth and activity, especially of ectotherms. (M) (7) ecological effects of disruption of food webs and the dynamics of ecosytems, with changes in niches and hence communities. (EC) (8) effect on species; extinction of species that are unable to adapt, especially ones with specialised requirements; limited opportunity for plants and some animals to spread to more suitable conditions as climate changes. (S) (9) effect on agriculture; increased growth of some crops and loss of others, and effect on productivity; possible redistribution to different parts of the world, and overall loss of agricultural land.

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