This type uses fermentation to produce useful products to humans by fermenting microorganisms such as: bacteria and yeast. In this world there are five important types of fermentation; microbial cells, microbial enzymes, microbial metabolites, recombinant products, and biotransformation. In industrial fermentation there are many important factors to consider so that the bacteria could ferment. Growth media is one of the main factors we need to consider in this process. Growth media refers to any liquid or gel that will support any microorganisms or cells to grow.
Endosymbiotic Theory Ninna Baer DeVry University Do you believe that organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts were once bacterial cells? Well evidence states it to be true, and known as the Endosymbiotic Theory. According to scientists, the Endosymbiotic Theory states “organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts had originally been bacteria that were taking into larger bacteria by endocytosis and not digested” (Swire 2011). Endocytosis is “a process in which a cell takes materials by engulfing them and fusing them with its membrane” (Swire 2011). The cells from which these bacteria came from would have to have had a symbiotic relationship (Swire 2011).
The results showed that the increasing of the density leads to a decrease in the biomass of plants and that the experimental groups are not much different than the control groups. This shows that an environment can work to stabilize itself without human interruptions. Plants can ensure they don’t overpopulate an area by self-thinning and species can survive with predators using the environment they were given. Introduction Competition for resources is seen in all species and environments around the world. Since the Earth’s natural resources are limited, it necessary for species of all kingdoms to fight in order to gain enough nutrients in order to not only live but thrive and go on to produce future generations.
The Antibiotic Decrease Yeast Cells Francine Rodriguez Biology 1401 Lab section Department of Biology, The University of Texas-Pan American March 8, 2013 Abstract: The main focus in this experiment was to find out antibiotics affect yeast cell cultures in a controlled environment. We imagined we owned a business in which a part of the business is to grow yeast (Saccharomyces cerevesiae) to be distributed as dry yeast for bakeries and breweries. Profits depend rapid, economical production a large number of yeast cells. We had observed that there is apparent difference in the yield of yeast cell when it comes in contact of an antibiotic. It appeared that that antibiotic had decreased the number of yeast cells.
1) Genetic engineering or genetic modification is the process of altering an organism’s genetic material for a beneficial purpose. Genetic modification is used to improve the products we obtain from plants and animals making them more nutritious, less-harmful manufacturing processes, and production in large quantities making them less expensive. 2) Gene Therapy- when an absent or faulty gene is replaced by a normal gene in order to treat a disorder or medical disease Plasmid- small circular DNA molecules in the cytoplasm of bacteria, these molecules cut DNA into a recognizable sequences DNA Polymerase Chain (PCR)- technique used to make copies of a certain gene. Biologists particularly use this with tiny genes that are rarely available. Hybridization- crossing different traits to bring the best of organisms into one.
Glucose is then brought into the cytosol of cells where glycolysis (the breakdown of glucose) is initiated. Glycolysis is the first step in providing energy in the form of a nucleotide (ATP) for the cell. It would be very hard to keep up with the energy demands of the body if glucose consumption was lacking. Proteins are equally important. Proteins are found almost everywhere in the body with a variety of important roles.
Mary Riddell 9/26/11 Period 3 The Zone of Inhibition Created by an Antiseptic, Disinfectant, or an Antibiotic Abstract: The purpose for conducing this experiment was to determine which bacterial inhibitor would create the largest zone of inhibition on bacteria streaked petri dish. In the experiment it was made clear that the antibiotic had the largest zone of inhibition, the antiseptics had the second largest zone of inhibition, and the disinfectant had the smallest zone of inhibition. The antibiotic worked the best because antibiotics work on the inside of the cell to break them down while the others are meant to sit on top of the surface to kill them. Introduction: The purpose for conducting this test was to determine which bacterial inhibitor would have the largest zone of inhibition on a bacteria streaked perti dish. The bacterial inhibitors in the experiment that were chosen were, an antiseptic, (hydrogen peroxide), a disinfectant (ammonia), and an antibiotic (tetracycline).
Describe the stages of cellular respiration and photosynthesis and their interaction and interdependence including raw materials, products, and amount of ATP or glucose produced during each phase. How is each linked to specific organelles within the eukaryotic cell. What has been the importance and significance of these processes and their cyclic interaction to the evolution and diversity of life? We all need energy to function and we get this energy from the foods we eat. The most efficient way for cells to harvest energy stored in food is through cellular respiration, a catabolic pathway for the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
Antibiotic Sensitivity Lab Report: Microbes with an Emphasis on E. col Microbiology 225 March 25, 2011 Abstract Antibiotics are a major contribution to our world, but with the misuse and overuse of them, many bacteria are starting to become more resistant. One of the studies that researchers use to measure resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics is the Kirby Bauer test. This test has enabled doctors to evaluate which antibiotic is best to treat different microbacteria. Within our microbiology class we were given four different bacteria to study resistance using the Kirby Bauer method. These organisms which are Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeriginosa, and Escherichia coli (E. coli) were tested against Penicillin, Tetracycline, Bacitracin, and Ciprofloxacin.
Enzyme Catalysis Lab Introduction: Enzymes are very important in the functioning of cells and allow constant life to exist. Enzymes are proteins that act as a catalyst which means that they affect reaction rates. Substrates which are the substances that are being catalyzed, stick together to an enzyme at the active site, which resembles a bonding site between them both. At this point, the enzyme speeds up the reaction that would occur slowly normally, and produces a product from the substrate. However, enzymes may sometimes fail to work properly for many reasons, and this “dead” enzyme is known to be denatured.