Thorough extinction of anxiety arousal to visualized threats by desensitization treatment produced differential increases in self-efficacy. In accord with prediction, microanalysis o f congruence between self-efficacy and performance showed self-efficacy to be a highly accurate predictor o f degree o f behavioral change following complete desensitization. The findings also lend support to the view that pereeived self-efficacy mediates anxiety arousal. The second experiment investigated the process o f efficacy and behavioral change during the course o f treatment by participant modeling. Self-efficacy proved to be a superior predictor o f amount o f behavioral improvement phobics gained from partial mastery o f threats at different phases o f treatment.
It is separate from personal identity – which is the part of our self-concept that derives from the way we perceive our personality traits and the personal relationships we have with other people (Turner, 1982). Whereas personal identity is associated with interpersonal behaviours, social identity is related to intergroup behaviours. This theory highlights social belonging and affiliation within successful groups in order to boost self-esteem. The motivation to show the superiority of our ingroup compared to relevant outgroups. By thus establishing the superiority of our ingroup, we make sure that our social identities, and therefore our self-esteem, are positive enough.
People have choices and encouraging them to make informed choices gives confidence to make the right decisions for them. Showing understanding to a person within the service, ask questions, get involved, give positive responses, this also gives confidence and will encourage a person to feel assured about doing things for themselves which has a feel good factor. Bxi Identify two ways of making sure an individual’s physical environment promotes their well-being Living in an environment that is safe and secure, that have staff who promote independence along with varied physical activities, all work towards a service user feeling good about themselves, a feeling of well-being. SU’s can make choices about what they wish to do with their time, doing things they enjoy, things that stimulate their mind and body all promote this and will make them feel good
Strength / Weakness - research that is in the form of naturally occurring phenomena (Roberts and Lamb) has good ecological validity but is not scientific or replicable as variables were not highly controlled and because it is not artificial. It would also be unethical to test eye witness testimony when a real sensitive subject is being discussed. Strength / Weakness - the results could be due to a number of factors such as: young people may be more used to memory tests or older adults have poorer health leading to memory impairment. Weakness - the research findings are inconclusive. Weakness - the factors given by researchers, such as the ones stated, are only assumptions with no scientific evidence.
Explain different psychological approaches to health practices. There are many different psychological applications to health and social care. According to the behaviourist approach; our behaviour can be changed or improved. The theorist skinner believed that positive reinforcement worked by rewarding the desired behaviour, the behaviour would be improved he did not believe in punishment. Skinner believed that positive reinforcement should be immediate to ensure the effect on the behaviour so children associate the positive reward with good behaviour.
If we use effective communication to build up a positive relationship it is remembered by both parties. This is reinforced by Dr Eric Berne “When an individual replays his or her experiences, he or she can replay them in such a vivid form that the individual experiences again the same emotions he or she felt during the actual experience. Or, as Berne’s student Thomas A. Harris said “I not only remember how I felt, I feel the same way now” http://www.ericberne.com/transactional-analysis/ If you didn’t develop a positive relationship the experience would be remembered by the individual every time they saw you they may or may not feel they could talk to you if they had a problem. We must use appropriate language for the person we are talking to, we must think about our volume, the pace we speak and manners, this will influence the corresponding party to reply the same way. Effective relationships are beneficial to all parties.
Young people are encouraged to achieve as individuals. This prepares young people for their adult roles as they’re encouraged to achieve as individuals is exactly what they would be doing in the world of work. Another reason as to why education is positive for society is because everyone is given an equal opportunity. Schools transmit this value by offering everyone an equal chance of success. This shows that education is positive for society because if everyone is given an equal opportunity it means that young people all are able to do well if they put their mind to it.
Interpretivist sociologists would choose to not use lab experiments because they lack ecological validity as they are conducted within an environment that is artificial to the participant. This means that the results don’t reflect true-life behaviour because of both the environment they conducted the task in, and the nature of the task wasn’t true to real life and can also be said to not be generalisable to a population because of their small sample sizes in which lab experiments are conducted. Furthermore, participants might have been aware that they were being studied and so might not act normally, which is called the Hawthorne effect. Another reason why interpretivist sociologists don’t choose to use lab experiments is that they say human behaviour cannot be measured or explained in terms of cause and effect, and instead humans act in terms of feeling, choices and also individual motives. Society doesn’t lend itself to be studied in a laboratory and this is because it is so complex and cannot be artificially created.
He is saying that human beings try and steer away from pain and drive toward getting as much pleasure as possible. Bentham saw this as a moral fact. The word utilitarianism comes from the word utility meaning usefulness. Bentham theory of utilitarianism may have been influenced by this as he believes in the greatest happiness for the greatest number. This theory is related to utility as he is saying that if more people are happier this will be more useful across the world.
(LSI Human Synergistic www.humansynergistic.com) I really enjoyed taking the LSI questionnaire. I believe it has given me a much better understanding of my personality in regards to my management potential and individual characteristics. With that being said, the following is my interpretation of my LSI survey. The above illustration shows my different styles. Interpretation Personal Thinking Styles My powers are with the CONSTRUCTIVE Styles with (11, 12, 1, &2 o`clock Positions) reflects selfenhancing thinking and behavior that contribute to one level of satisfaction, ability to develop healthy relationships and work effectively with people and proficiency at accomplishing tasks.