In determining this unknown bacteria, number two, many tests were performed. The tests that helped identify this bacteria were gram-stain, motility, Simmons citrate, lactose testing, and methyl red testing. All of the tests that were stated and recorded on the comparative analysis chart also tribute to uncovering the unknown bacteria, but they were not the critical tests needed. In the gram-stain tests, the bacteria was indicated as negative and the shape of the bacteria were rods. Motility was noted under the microscope by evidence of the bacteria moving around on the slide.
Viruses j. C. Fungi k. D. Bacteria Ans: A and D 6. A bacterial cell is found to be motile and resistant to high temperature and phagocytosis. This cell probably has: l. Endospore, flagella, capsule 7. Nitrogen is a major bioelement that can be found in: m. a. proteins n. b. Nucleic acids o. c. Polysaccharides p. D. Lipids Ans: a and b 8. All of the following are polysaccharides except: q. Glucose 9.
Purpose (5 points): The purpose of this lab is to learn how to extract DNA and to analyze extracted DNA. This lab allows the conductor of the lab to analyze the steps taken to extract the DNA and realize the purpose of each step. This lab activity teaches one how cell barriers can be broken. Hypothesis: If the enzyme, alcohol, detergent, alcohol, and salt are all used accordingly to extract the DNA from the split peas, then a small amount of the DNA will separate from the solution, looking like long thin strands. DNA is insoluble in alcohol, but soluble in water, so this experiment will test this scientific principle of alcohol.
E. coli has even been used to synthesize human insulin. Other strains are pathogenic, causing diarrhea, urinary tract infection and even fatal illness. Unlike some bacteria, E. coli cannot tolerate harsh environments, and instead thrive at 37°C. The primary goal of this experiment is to examine the growth of E. coli on bacterial lawns in order to determine expired mouthwash’s efficiency as an antibacterial product. Since it is expired, the mouthwash should not perform well as an antibacterial agent.
Title: Introduction to agrarose gel electrophoresis. Name: D Creaven Date: 4th February 2013 Module: Forensic DNA Laboratory Tutor: Dr Colin Conway Title Introduction to agrarose gel electrophoresis. Date 4th February 2013 Lab Partners Jurgita Baltrukoniene Janet McHugh Objective (a) To prepare the agrarose gel electrophoresis (b) To analysis the movement of DNA on the agrarose gel. Introduction Agarose gel electrophoresis is an easy way to separate DNA fragments by their sizes and visualize them. It is a common diagnostic procedure used in molecular biological labs.
1) Genetic engineering or genetic modification is the process of altering an organism’s genetic material for a beneficial purpose. Genetic modification is used to improve the products we obtain from plants and animals making them more nutritious, less-harmful manufacturing processes, and production in large quantities making them less expensive. 2) Gene Therapy- when an absent or faulty gene is replaced by a normal gene in order to treat a disorder or medical disease Plasmid- small circular DNA molecules in the cytoplasm of bacteria, these molecules cut DNA into a recognizable sequences DNA Polymerase Chain (PCR)- technique used to make copies of a certain gene. Biologists particularly use this with tiny genes that are rarely available. Hybridization- crossing different traits to bring the best of organisms into one.
Understand the causes of infection 1.Bacteria are classified into different groups and can be pathogenic (capable of causing illness) or non-pathogenic (not likely to cause illness). Different types of bacteria are identified by their varying shapes. Bacteria are simple organisms, made up of just one cell, and are capable of reproducing by themselves. They do this through a process of growing to twice their original size and splitting into two; those two cells then split into two more, and so on. This may appear to be a very simple process; however, conditions have to be right for it to happen and for the bacteria to be viable.
The bacterial inhibitors in the experiment that were chosen were, an antiseptic, (hydrogen peroxide), a disinfectant (ammonia), and an antibiotic (tetracycline). The hypothesis stated that the ammonia with have the largest zone of inhibition because it is a strong disinfectant and will kill most of the bacteria. A disinfectant is made for killing bacteria on surfaces. Materials and Methods: To start the experiment swab bacteria from and existing petri dish. Next, take the cotton swab and drag it lightly in a zigzag motion across the agar on the petri dish; this is called streaking.
In the areas of microbiology according to (Harold, 1998, p. 1060) proper clinical management of infectious diseases relies primarily on the precise identification of the causative pathogen and the production of reliable information on its antimicrobial susceptibility. Traditional diagnostic methods had limited the ability of laboratories to provide doctors with timely and clinically germane information. Recent technology provides results in minutes or hours rather than days or weeks. In particular, advanced molecular biological techniques have increased the speed and sensitivity of detection methods, in cultures. These techniques called immunoassays also allow microbiologists to identify genes that result in resistance to antibiotics and to distinctive identification markers via DNA of the individual isolates for epidemiological tracking.
The purpose of the capsule stain is to make the bacterial capsule visible. The water-soluble capsule of some bacterial cells is often difficult to see by standard simple staining procedures or after the Gram stain. Capsule staining methods were developed to visualize capsules and yield consistent and reliable results. Methodology: A. Bacterial Endospore A smear of B. subtilis was fixed into a slide. The slide was flooded with malachite green before passing over to the flame several times until it “steamed”.