Monohybrid inheritance Inheritance in general is the passing of characteristics from parents to offspring, while monohybrid inheritance is the inheritance for a single characteristic/gene. A gene is a length of DNA that occupies a specific position on a chromosome which is called a locus. A particular gene may have more than one form that is slightly different from the others. These different forms of genes are called alleles. Alleles therefore are various molecular forms of a gene for the same trait.
2. Copy the table and match the following terms with their definitions: Gene, traits, chromosome, DNA, Genetics, Asexual reproduction, Meiosis, homozygous, heterozygous, allele, phenotype, genotype Term Definition traits Characteristics passed from parents to offspring chromosomes Thread like structures in the nucleus which carry the genes. allele Alternative forms of a gene Gene A part of a chromosome that carries an instruction homozygous Pure breeding for a characteristic eg: TT for tall DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid Genetics Study of Heredity Phenotype The appearance of an individual Geneotype The alleles an individual has for a particular gene. meiosis Two cell divisions resulting in sex cells that contain half the normal number of chromosomes Asexual Formation of new individuals without the production of reproduction sex cells heterozygoys Hybrid (containing two different alleles) eg: Tt (tall) 3. Answer True or False a) A chromosome is found in the nucleus of a cell.
Matched sets of chromosomes provides you with two copies of each gene. Dramactic differences in body and brain cells are due to which genes are “expressed” or activated. Genes make up less than 2% of human DNA. pg 352 8. Define each of the following terms: Conception- when chromosomes of the biological mother and father combine to form a single cell –the fertilized egg or zygote.
With genetic crossing one will observe the phenotypic, the physical observation, received from the genotype, genetic make-up of organism. Genotypes consist of chromosomes. Chromosomes are found in the cells which organize the structure of DNA and protein. It is a single strand of DNA that contains many genes and other nucleotide sequences. A gene is a region that can be located in the genomic sequence that corresponds to a unit of inheritance; it is instructions that consist of alleles (Wikipedia).
In this species, mutations can be targeted to specific genes. Two crosses can be performed: monohybrid or dihybrid. Monohybrid crosses are those involving only one character. Dihybrid crosses are those involving two characters in which the parents possess different traits of each character. Drosophila has four pairs of chromosomes: X/Y sex chromosomes and autosomes 2, 3, and 4.
January 11, 2014 Pgs: 250-257 AP Biology Meiosis and Sexual reproduction 1. Differentiate between haploid and diploid cells. Give one example of each cell. The difference between a haploid and a diploid cell is that a diploid is a cell that has two sets of chromosomes. On the other hand, a haploid cell contains only one set of chromosomes.
It’s also the framework for the modern research that is making inroads in treating diseases previously believed to be incurable. In this era of genetic engineering the incorporation of foreign DNA into chromosomes of unrelated species—it easy to lose sight of the basics of the process that makes it all possible. These were his conclusions: The hereditary determinants are of a particulate nature. These determinants are called genes. Each parent has a gene pair in each cell for each trait studied.
What do Punnett squares illustrate? (genetic crosses) 6. Is the exchange of chromosome segments between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis I (crossing over) 7. How many copies of each autosomal gene affect phenotype? (2) 8.
To base an opinion I feel you should really know some facts about the matter, such as there are different types of cloning. Not all cloning is used for the creation of a genetic twin of another organism. The three types of cloning are DNA cloning, Reproductive cloning, and Therapeutic cloning. DNA cloning is the replication of a specific fragment of interest from an organism for the sole purpose of scientists being able to study and learn more about it. Reproductive cloning is used to create an animal with the same nuclear DNA as another animal or previously existing animal.
TASK 1 – Explain the principles of animal evolution Must include a definition and the process of evolution, including sexual reproduction, mutation, adaptation and natural selection. Must also explain an overview of Darwin’s theories, the common ancestor theory, evolutionary progression, current issues relating to the acceptance of these theories and the causes of species extinction. Evolution is the change in the genetic composition of a population over many generations due to natural selection. This can lead to the development of a new species or a more complex form of species due to the genetic variation involved. The mechanisms of evolution include sexual reproduction, mutation, adaptation and natural selection.